Bird Flu: Key Information on Recent Strains Detected in Victoria

Overview:

- Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): An infectious disease spread among wild and domestic birds.

- Strains Detected: Two different strains of avian influenza have been identified in Victoria, leading to unrelated events involving human and poultry infections.

Recent Cases in Victoria:

1. Human Case: Australia's first human case involved a child returning from overseas with the H5N1 variant. The child, initially severely ill, has made a full recovery. H5N1 has been responsible for millions of wild bird deaths globally since 2020.

2. Poultry Outbreak: An egg farm experienced an outbreak of the H7N3 strain, leading to the culling of hundreds of thousands of chickens. This strain is common in Australia.

Transmission and Risk to Humans:

- Rare Transmission: Avian influenza rarely spreads from birds to humans. Most people are at low risk unless they have direct contact with infected birds or their secretions.

- Low Human-to-Human Transmission: Prolonged contact is usually required for the virus to spread between humans.

- Current Risk in Victoria: The risk of additional human cases is very low, according to health officials.

Symptoms of Bird Flu in Humans:

- Common Symptoms: Fever, coughing, headaches, muscle aches, and respiratory issues.

- Other Symptoms: Conjunctivitis and gastrointestinal symptoms may occur. The infection can progress to severe respiratory illness and neurological changes.

Safety of Poultry and Eggs:

- Safe Consumption: Properly cooked poultry and eggs are safe to eat, even in areas with outbreaks. There is no risk to humans from consuming these products when cooked thoroughly.

Precautions and Recommendations:

- Travelers to Affected Areas:

  - Avoid poultry farms and live bird markets.

  - Avoid contact with wild or domesticated birds.

  - Wash hands thoroughly after handling birds or uncooked poultry products.

  - Ensure poultry and poultry products are cooked thoroughly before eating.

- Seasonal Influenza Vaccine: Recommended for everyone aged 6 months and over, especially poultry workers and those involved in culling during outbreaks.

Surveillance and Biosecurity:

- Surveillance Measures: Australia has mechanisms in place to detect avian influenza in human and animal populations.

- Biosecurity for Farmers: High levels of biosecurity are crucial to prevent contact between wild birds and domestic poultry.

- Control Efforts: Ongoing efforts are essential to manage and control bird flu outbreaks to minimize risks to public health.

- Industry Impact: The poultry industry is taking steps to ensure biosecurity and maintain the supply of eggs and chicken meat.

By staying informed and following recommended precautions, the risk of avian influenza to humans and the food supply can be effectively managed.